For the last few years, energy is a crucial issue in the world. Increased energy demand caused by population growth and resource depletion of world oil reserves and the issue of emissions from fossil fuels put pressure on every country to be producing and using renewable energy.
Bio gas is a process production from organic materials with the help of bacteria. The process of degradation
of organic materials without involving oxygen is called anaerobic Digestion gases produced largely (over 50%) of methane, organic material accumulated in the reactor will be broken down into two stages with the help of two types of bacteria. The first phase, organic material degraded to acid weak, acid with the aid of acid-forming bacteria. These bacteria will describe the level of waste and acidification hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of complex compounds decomposition or long chain compounds such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates into simple compounds. While the formation of acid acidification of simple compounds.
of organic materials without involving oxygen is called anaerobic Digestion gases produced largely (over 50%) of methane, organic material accumulated in the reactor will be broken down into two stages with the help of two types of bacteria. The first phase, organic material degraded to acid weak, acid with the aid of acid-forming bacteria. These bacteria will describe the level of waste and acidification hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of complex compounds decomposition or long chain compounds such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates into simple compounds. While the formation of acid acidification of simple compounds.
After the organic material into acid, then the second stage of Anaerobic Digestion is the process of formation of methane gas with the aid of methane-forming bacteria such as methanococus, methanosarcina, methano bacterium. Development of Anaerobic Digestion process has been successful in many applications. This process has the ability to process the garbage / waste overflow exists and is not useful to more valuable products. Anaerobic Digestion application has been successful in processing industrial waste, agricultural waste and livestock waste municipal solid waste (MSW).
BIO GAS COMPOSITION
Bio gas is mostly contain gas methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and some contain a small amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen and (H2), nitrogen contents are very small.
The energy contained in bio gas depends on the concentration of methane (CH4). The higher the methane content, the greater the energy content (calorific value) of bio gas, and conversely the smaller, the smaller content of methane calorific value. Quality of bio gas can be enhanced by treating some parameters as follows: Mute hydrogen sulfur, water content and carbon dioxide (CO2). Hydrogen and sulfur containing toxic substances that cause corrosion, if the bio gas containing these compounds, it will cause a dangerous gas concentrations that are allowed a maximum of 5 ppm. If the gas burned sulfur hydrogen would be more dangerous because it will form a new compound together oxygen, the sulfur dioxide / sulfur trioxide (SO2 / SO3). is more toxic compounds. At the same time will form a sulfur acid (H2SO3) a compound which is more corrosive. The second parameter is to eliminate carbon dioxide that has the purpose to improve the quality, so the gas can be used to fuel vehicles. The water content in the bio gas will reduce bio gas ignition point and can cause corrosion.
BIO GAS REACTOR
There are several types of bio gas reactors are developed including fixed dome type reactor (Fixed-dome), the reactor floating (Floating drums), Reactor types of balloons, the horizontal type, soil type of hole, type of ferrocement. Of the six types of bio gas reactor is often used is the type of dome fixed (Fixed-dome) and the type of drum floating (Floating drums). These last few years developed type of reactor is widely used balloons as a simple reactor in small scale.
- Reactor dome fixed (Fixed-dome)
These reactors also called china reactor. So called because this reactor was first created in China around the year 1930, and since then the reactor was developed with a variety of models. In this reactor has two parts namely as a digestive bio gas reactor material and as a home for bacteria, acid-forming bacteria either bacteria or the formation of methane gas. this section can be made by a certain depth using stone, brick or concrete. The structure must be strong because of holding the gas to avoid leakage. The second is the dome fixed (fixed-dome). Called dome remains because its shape resembles the domes and this part is collecting the gas that does not move (fixed). Gas produced from organic material in the reactor will flow and stored in the vault.
The advantage of this reactor is the construction cost is cheaper than using a floating reactor, since it has no moving parts using an iron which would cost relatively more expensive and easier maintenance. While the loss of this reactor is frequent loss of gas in the dome because of its permanent construction.
Floating type reactor was first developed in India in 1937, so named after the Indian reactors. Having the reactor similar to the dome reactor, the difference lies in parts of the reservoir of gas using mobile equipment using the drums. Drums can be moved up and down that serves to store the gas of fermentation in the reactor. The movement of the drum floating in fluid and depends on the amount of gas produced.
The advantage of this reactor is able to see directly the volume of gas stored in drums for movement. Because the floating storage so that the gas pressure constant. While the loss is the cost of construction materials more expensive drums, corrosion factor on drums also a problem so that the collectors of these gases in the reactor has a shorter life than using a fixed dome type.
Reactor balloon is a type of reactor is widely used on the scale of households that use plastics to make it more efficient in handling and changes in the biogas. This reactor consists of a section that serves as a reactor and gas storage each mixed in a room without a screen. Organic material is located at the bottom because it has a weight greater than the gas that will fill the cavity above.
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Conversion of waste through a process of Anaerobic Digestion to produce bio gas has several advantages, namely:
- Bio gas is the energy without the use of materials that still has benefits including the biomass so that bio gas does not destroy the balance of carbon dioxide caused by deforestation and the destruction of the land.
- Bio gas energy can serve as an energy substitute for fossil fuels that will reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and other emissions.
- Methane is one of the greenhouse gases whose presence in the atmosphere will increase the temperature, by using bio gas as a fuel it will reduce methane gas in the air.
- Waste of animal waste and human waste is material that is not useful, may even result in a very dangerous poison. Applications Anaerobic Digestion will minimize these effects and enhance value of the benefit of the waste.
- In addition to energy benefits obtained from the Anaerobic Digestion to produce bio gas, side products such as sludge, material is obtained from the remaining process of Anaerobic Digestion of solid and liquid, each can be used as a liquid fertilizer and solid fertilizer.
The price of fuel oil increased and the availability of thinning and problems of greenhouse gas emissions is a problem faced by global society. Search efforts will fuel more friendly to the environment and can be renewed as a solution of the problem of energy. Bio gas is gas produced from Anaerobic Digestion process and has prospects as an energy substitute for fossil fuels dwindle existence.
nice idea
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